Death, Aging, and Ecology in The Ballad of Narayama (1983)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5195/cinej.2025.678Keywords:
Death, Aging, Ecocriticism, Ubasute, The Ballad of NarayamaAbstract
This study analyzes Shohei Imamura’s The Ballad of Narayama (1983) through the lens of death, aging, and ecology. The film centers on the ubasute ritual, where elderly individuals are taken to a mountain to die, reflecting a pragmatic response to resource scarcity. By portraying death as a societal and ecological necessity, the film challenges modern views on aging and death. Nature is depicted as an active participant, symbolizing the cyclical processes of life and death. This interdisciplinary study combines perspectives from anthropology, cultural studies, and environmental philosophy to explore how the film frames death not just as an individual event, but as essential for community survival and ecological balance. Ultimately, the film critiques modern approaches to aging and sustainability.
References
Aaron, M. (2014). Death and the Moving Image. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Bruhl, L. L. (2006a). İlkel İnsanda Ruh Anlayışı (Tr. Oğuz Adanır). Ankara: Doğu Batı Publication Press.
Baudrillard, J. (2017). Symbolic Exchange and Death. London: SAGE Publications Ltd .
Carta, S. (2015). Visual and Experiential Knowledge in Observational Cinema. Anthrovision. Vaneasa Online Journal, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4000/anthrovision.1480
Hakola, O. J. (2021). Ethical reflections on filming death in end-of-life documentaries. Mortality, 28(3), 395–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576275.2021.1946025
Hillkirk, R. K. (1982). Death as a Theme in Literature. English Journal, 71(4), 48-49. https://doi.org/10.58680/ej198212570
Ivakhiv, A. (2013). Ecologies of the Moving Image: Cinema, Affect, Nature. Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
Lee, W. H., & Shaw, Y. (2009). Revisiting the Tale of Obasute in the Japanese Imagination. Asian Cinema, 20(1), 98-126. https://doi.org/10.1386/ac.20.1.98_1
Levinas, E. (2000). God, Death and Time. California: Stanford University Press .
Levy-Bruhl, L. (2006b). İlkel Toplumlarda Mistik Deneyim ve Simgeler. Ankara: Doğu Batı Publishing House.
Lyn, G., & Tom, G. D. (2013). Death at the movies: Hollywood’s guide to the hereafter. Wheaton: Quest Books Publication.
Macdonald, S. (2004). Toward and Eco-Cinema. ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, Volume 11, Issue 2, Summer 2004, 107-132, https://doi.org/10.1093/isle/11.2.107
Mauss, M. (2006). Sosyoloji ve Antropoloji. Ankara: Doğu Batı Publishing.
Mingren, W. (2024, 09 17). Ubasute: Is the Ancient Tradition of Dumping the Elderly in a Forest Encouraging Modern Murder? Retrieved from Ancient Origins: https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends-asia/ubasute-0011538
Niemiec, R. M., & Schulenberg, S. E. (2011). Understanding death attitudes: the integration of movies, positive psychology, and meaning management. Death studies, 35(5), 387–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2010.544517
Rasmussen, K. (1999). Across Arctic America: Narrative of the Fifth Thule Expedition Classic Reprint Series (Fairbanks, Alaska) ; No. 6”. University of Alaska Press.
Rieger, D., & Hofer, M. (2017). How movies can ease the fear of death: The survival or death of the protagonists in meaningful movies. Mass Communication & Society, 20(5), 710–733. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2017.1300666
Ruby, J. (1971). Toward an Anthropological Cinema. Film Comment, 7(1), 35–40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43752784
Thomas, B., & Mathew, R. G. (2021). Real, reel and the anthropocene: eco-trauma testimonies in the film valiya chirakulla pakshikal. CINEJ Cinema Journal, 9(2), 147-163.
Winter, R., & Nestler, S. (2011). Film Analysis as Cultural Analysis: The Construction of Ethnic Identities in Amores Perros. M. Butler, J. M. Gurr, & O. Kaltmeier, EthniCities - Metropolitan Cultures and Ethnic Identities in the Americas (pp. 227-240). Bilingual Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Talha Altınkaya

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
Revised 7/16/2018. Revision Description: Removed outdated link.